Civil Thinking

Lithification:

  • For sediments to become sedimentary rocks, they need to be lithified:
    • Compaction: As sediments are buried, weight of overlying material compresses them, reducing void space and expelling water. Bonding of clay particles, if present, helps stick the sediments together.
    • Cementation: Compounds dissolved in water precipitate in remaining void space and bond particles together.
    • Crystallization:  New minerals form and bond together at higher pressures and temperatures.  (Gradual transition into metamorphism.)  

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