Theory of Errors in Observations
Theory of Errors in Observations Surveyors use measurements to map land and build structures. But no matter how skilled they are or how good the tools, every measurement has some error. Understanding these errors helps surveyors pick the right tools and methods so mistakes stay small enough to not harm their work. Direct and Indirect […]
Surveying Field Notes Form Blank pages (both left and right)
Download the Field Notes Form in Image Format (.png) (Recommended)
Quiz on Introduction to Surveying
Surveying Quiz Surveying Quiz Time: 00:00 Start Exam Show Score
Module 2: Units, Significant Figures, and Field Notes
Units of Measurement in Surveying In surveying, we use specific units for length, area, volume, and angle. Two main systems are in use: the English System (feet, inches) and the International System of Units (SI) (meters, centimeters). English System (Foot) The basic unit of length is the foot (ft). Historically there were two definitions: Pre-1959 […]
Module 1: Introduction to Surveying
Definition of Surveying Surveying, now commonly known as Geomatics, is the art and science of figuring out the positions of different points either above, on, or below the surface of the Earth. It also involves setting up these points where they are needed. Simple Explanation: Think of surveying like drawing an accurate map. It helps […]
Chapter 9: Stress Transformation concepts
Chapter: Stress Transformation CHAPTER OBJECTIVES In this chapter, we will learn how to transform the stress components that are connected with one coordinate system into components associated with a different orientation. This is important because by understanding these transformation equations, you can find out the maximum normal stress and maximum shear stress at a specific […]
Soil Mechanics, Chapter-1 Composition and Particle Sizes of Soils
1.1 INTRODUCTION In this section, we learn that soils are not just simple dirt – they are complex, natural materials made up of many different components. This chapter sets the stage by explaining that soils come in various compositions and have particles of different sizes, which play a big role in how strong the soil […]
Geology: Earthquake Hazards
Structural Geology
Structural Geology: How Rocks Deform The earth’s crust changes shape due to the applied stress
Metamorphism in Geology
Metamorphic Rocks “Meta” = Change “morph” = form (both Greek) A rock that has been changed from its original form (parent) by HEAT, PRESSURE (over a long time) to form a new rock. This occurs in the SOLID state at temperatures above ~200 degrees C and below the melting point of the rock Metamorphic rock […]
