3-15 The absolute pressure in water at a depth of 8 m is read to be 175 kPa. Determine (a) the local atmospheric pressure, and (b) the absolute pressure at a depth of 8 m in a liquid whose specific gravity is 0.78 at the same location.
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3-12 The water in a tank is pressurized by air, and the pressure is measured by a multifluid manometer as shown in Fig. P3-12. Determine the gage pressure of air in the tank if h1 = 0.4 m, h2 = 0.6 m, and h = 0.8 m. Take the densities of water, oil, and mercury to be 1000 kg/m3, 850 kg/m3, and 13,600 kg/m3, respectively.
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3-11E A manometer is used to measure the air pressure in a tank. The fluid used has a specific gravity of 1.25, and the differential height between the two arms of the manometer is 28 in. If the local atmospheric pressure is 12.7 psia, determine the absolute pressure in the tank for the cases of the manometer arm with the (a) higher and (b) lower fluid level being attached to the tank.
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3-8 A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 36 kPa at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 92 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber.
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3-7 The piston of a vertical piston-cylinder device containing a gas has a mass of 40 kg and a cross-sectional area of 0.012 m2 (Fig P3-7). The local atmospheric pressure is 95 kPa, and the gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s2. (a) Determine the pressure inside the cylinder. (b) If some heat is transferred to the gas and its volume is doubled, do you expect the pressure inside the cylinder to change?
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5-15. The solid shaft is made of material that has an allowable shear stress of Tallow = 10 MPa. Determine the required diameter of the shaft to the nearest mm.
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5-13. If the applied torque on shaft CD is T’ = 75 N. m, determine the absolute maximum shear stress in each shaft. The bearings B, C, and D allow free rotation of the shafts, and the motor holds the shafts fixed from rotating.
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5-14. The solid 50-mm-diameter shaft is used to transmit the torques applied to the gears. Determine the absolute maximum shear stress in the shaft.
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5-12. The motor delivers a torque of 50 N. m to the shaft AB. This torque is transmitted to shaft CD using the gears at E and F. Determine the equilibrium torque T’ on shaft CD and the maximum shear stress in each shaft. The bearings B, C, and D allow free rotation of the shafts.
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5-11. The assembly consists of two sections of galvanized steel pipe connected together using a reducing coupling at B. The smaller pipe has an outer diameter of 0.75 in. and an inner diameter of 0.68 in., whereas the larger pipe has an outer diameter of 1 in. and an inner diameter of 0.86 in. If the pipe is tightly secured to the wall at C, determine the maximum shear stress developed in each section of the pipe when the couple shown is applied to the handles of the wrench.
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