Ground shaking
- Ground shaking and displacement
- EQ waves arrive in a distinct sequence
- Different waves cause different motion
- Affect much larger area than local faulting
- P waves are the first to arrive
- Produce rapid, bucking,
- up-and-down motion
- S waves arrive next
- Produce a pronounced back-and-forth motion
- Motion usually stronger than from P waves
- S waves can cause extensive damage
- Surface waves slower – traveling on the surface
- L waves follow quickly behind the S waves
- Cause the ground to writhe laterally
- R waves are the last to arrive
- Land surface undulates like ripples across a pond
- Usually last longer than other wave types
- R waves cause extensive damage
