Civil Thinking

Lahars

  • Debris flow composed of a slurry of ash, rock, mud, and water. (Both fluid and solid stresses important) 
  • Triggered by rapid melting of snow/ice during an eruption, or any other volcanic process that combines water with loose materials
  • Flows long distances (up to hundreds of km) from a volcano
  • Can transport large boulders on low slopes, extremely destructive

Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia,

~25,000 people killed

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